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6 Mar 2026, 18:01

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Council on Foreign Relations: The Fate of the Iran War Remains Uncertain

Michael Froman, President of the Council on Foreign Relations in the United States, writes in an analysis about the ongoing war that the conflict with Iran has now entered its second week; while Ali Khamenei and a large portion of the leaders of the Islamic Republic have been killed, over 2,000 targets in Iran have been attacked, and according to the U.S. Central Command, more than 30 Iranian vessels have also been targeted or sunk. In response, Iran has reacted by attacking military, civilian, and infrastructure targets in 11 countries.

He writes that although many countries will not express sympathy for the fall of the leader of the Islamic Republic, there are doubts about the consequences of this operation in Europe, the Middle East, and even within the United States. According to him, the final judgment about this war depends on its long-term outcome: if it leads to a more stable region and a less hostile government in Iran, it will be considered a success; however, if it results in instability and prolonged conflict, criticisms will increase.

Froman notes that one of the main ambiguities is the future of governance in Iran. The power structure in the Islamic Republic is divided between the clergy and security apparatuses, and it is unclear what order will replace it if leadership changes. Some analysts suggest that Mojtaba Khamenei is a primary candidate for succession, but other scenarios are also proposed, including collective leadership among security institutions, the rise of the Revolutionary Guards, the emergence of ethnic divisions in the country, or even the rise of opposition figures like Reza Pahlavi.

He also reminds that the goals of the U.S. and Israel are not entirely the same. According to Elbridge Colby, a senior Pentagon official in defense policy, Washington's goal is to destroy the Islamic Republic's ability to project military power in the region, including its nuclear program, missile capabilities, drone technology, and naval forces. In contrast, regime change in Tehran is more prominently an Israeli objective, although Washington does not oppose it.

Froman emphasizes that even after heavy blows to Iran's missile capabilities, the country still has capacities for retaliation. Tens of thousands of American forces in the region are within range of Iranian attacks, and Washington's allies are also vulnerable. So far, six American servicemen have been killed in this war.

He also points to a significant military challenge: the use of very expensive missiles to counter cheap drones. He states that technologies such as interceptor drones or directed energy systems like lasers could change this equation in the future. Reports have also emerged about the experimental use of laser systems like "Iron Beam" and "HELIOS" to counter missiles and drones.

This analysis also addresses the economic consequences of the war. The Strait of Hormuz, through which about 20% of the world's oil and liquefied gas passes, is one of the critical points of this conflict. Although oil prices have risen, they have not yet reached crisis levels. However, the traffic of oil tankers has decreased by more than 90% compared to the previous week, and the U.S. has announced that if necessary, its Navy will escort commercial vessels.

Froman concludes by stating that there is a significant difference between the end of a successful military operation and achieving a positive outcome for the people of Iran. According to him, U.S. military objectives may be attainable, and Israel's political goals may be more complex, but the most important question is what the outcome of this war will mean for the future of freedom and prosperity for the people of Iran.

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